TEST
Interesting facts about the residents of Lovozero and Krasnoshchelye villages based on 150 questionnaires and 80 hours of interviews
Scientists who took part in the ethnic expert assessment for the development of the Kolmozersky lithium deposit have found out how the Sami pasture reindeer, how much money one can earn in the tundra and how much felt boots with a leather sole cost these days. The ethnic expert assessment is needed to reduce the impact of mining operations on the conventional business patterns of indigenous peoples. Pass the test and learn about the style of life in Lovozero and Krasnoshchelye.
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Every reindeer herding indigenous people has its own pasture method used for centuries. How do the Sami traditionally pasture their reindeer in the summer?
The Sami traditionally move their herds to the shores of the Barents Sea in June where the animals are less bothered by blood-sucking insects. There they leave the reindeer unattended and go fishing in tundra rivers and lakes.
At the beginning of autumn, the reindeer migrate inside the peninsula by themselves where they are taken over by reindeer herders. The Sami use earmarks to separate their reindeer from others and drive them to winter pastures.
Such a reindeer herding method has its pros and cons. On the one hand, one can free up time for the summer and take up another trade. On the other hand, some reindeer will die from predators and diseases without supervision and protection.
The Nenets and Komi pasture their herds using reindeer herding dogs. Dog breeders have developed a new breed based on them, the Nenets reindeer herding Laika.
At the beginning of autumn, the reindeer migrate inside the peninsula by themselves where they are taken over by reindeer herders. The Sami use earmarks to separate their reindeer from others and drive them to winter pastures.
Such a reindeer herding method has its pros and cons. On the one hand, one can free up time for the summer and take up another trade. On the other hand, some reindeer will die from predators and diseases without supervision and protection.
The Nenets and Komi pasture their herds using reindeer herding dogs. Dog breeders have developed a new breed based on them, the Nenets reindeer herding Laika.
The Sami traditionally move their herds to the shores of the Barents Sea in June where the animals are less bothered by blood-sucking insects. There they leave the reindeer unattended and go fishing in tundra rivers and lakes.
At the beginning of autumn, the reindeer migrate inside the peninsula by themselves where they are taken over by reindeer herders. The Sami use earmarks to separate their reindeer from others and drive them to winter pastures.
Such a reindeer herding method has its pros and cons. On the one hand, one can free up time for the summer and take up another trade. On the other hand, some reindeer will die from predators and diseases without supervision and protection.
The Nenets and Komi pasture their herds using reindeer herding dogs. Dog breeders have developed a new breed based on them, the Nenets reindeer herding Laika.
At the beginning of autumn, the reindeer migrate inside the peninsula by themselves where they are taken over by reindeer herders. The Sami use earmarks to separate their reindeer from others and drive them to winter pastures.
Such a reindeer herding method has its pros and cons. On the one hand, one can free up time for the summer and take up another trade. On the other hand, some reindeer will die from predators and diseases without supervision and protection.
The Nenets and Komi pasture their herds using reindeer herding dogs. Dog breeders have developed a new breed based on them, the Nenets reindeer herding Laika.
The Sami traditionally move their herds to the shores of the Barents Sea in June where the animals are less bothered by blood-sucking insects. There they leave the reindeer unattended and go fishing in tundra rivers and lakes.
At the beginning of autumn, the reindeer migrate inside the peninsula by themselves where they are taken over by reindeer herders. The Sami use earmarks to separate their reindeer from others and drive them to winter pastures.
Such a reindeer herding method has its pros and cons. On the one hand, one can free up time for the summer and take up another trade. On the other hand, some reindeer will die from predators and diseases without supervision and protection.
The Nenets and Komi pasture their herds using reindeer herding dogs. Dog breeders have developed a new breed based on them, the Nenets reindeer herding Laika.
At the beginning of autumn, the reindeer migrate inside the peninsula by themselves where they are taken over by reindeer herders. The Sami use earmarks to separate their reindeer from others and drive them to winter pastures.
Such a reindeer herding method has its pros and cons. On the one hand, one can free up time for the summer and take up another trade. On the other hand, some reindeer will die from predators and diseases without supervision and protection.
The Nenets and Komi pasture their herds using reindeer herding dogs. Dog breeders have developed a new breed based on them, the Nenets reindeer herding Laika.
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Indigenous families pick wild plants during the summer. Which wild plant yields the greatest income?
Trades other than reindeer herding that are vital for indigenous peoples:
- fishing and hunting. Indigenous folks consume fish and game themselves;
- berries and mushrooms yield additional income, therefore, in summertime, every single local resident without exception goes on a ‘quiet hunt’. Every year, 3 to 6 mushroom and berry delivery points open in Lovozero. In 2000–2010, they were even opened in Krasnoshchelye for further delivery by helicopter.
Trades other than reindeer herding that are vital for indigenous peoples:
- fishing and hunting. Indigenous folks consume fish and game themselves;
- berries and mushrooms yield additional income, therefore, in summertime, every single local resident without exception goes on a ‘quiet hunt’. Every year, 3 to 6 mushroom and berry delivery points open in Lovozero. In 2000–2010, they were even opened in Krasnoshchelye for further delivery by helicopter.
Trades other than reindeer herding that are vital for indigenous peoples:
- fishing and hunting. Indigenous folks consume fish and game themselves;
- berries and mushrooms yield additional income, therefore, in summertime, every single local resident without exception goes on a ‘quiet hunt’. Every year, 3 to 6 mushroom and berry delivery points open in Lovozero. In 2000–2010, they were even opened in Krasnoshchelye for further delivery by helicopter.
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Burki are essentially an element of the traditional clothing worn by the Caucasian Highlanders and... the Sami. Try to guess what element of clothing the indigenous people of the Kola Peninsula have? Hint: Burki are the most labor-intensive and expensive element of the entire outerwear.
Burki are high boots made from reindeer fur, wool outside. They are made from koiba, reindeer leg skin. Leg skin is the strongest. However, it is very difficult to dress it.
Making one koiba costs 600 rubles; it takes at least 8 koibas to make medium-sized burki. Let alone sewing and decorating them with traditional ornaments. Therefore, the price of burki in a tourist store is from 20,000 rubles.
Making one koiba costs 600 rubles; it takes at least 8 koibas to make medium-sized burki. Let alone sewing and decorating them with traditional ornaments. Therefore, the price of burki in a tourist store is from 20,000 rubles.
Burki are high boots made from reindeer fur, wool outside. They are made from koiba, reindeer leg skin. Leg skin is the strongest. However, it is very difficult to dress it.
Making one koiba costs 600 rubles; it takes at least 8 koibas to make medium-sized burki. Let alone sewing and decorating them with traditional ornaments. Therefore, the price of burki in a tourist store is from 20,000 rubles.
Making one koiba costs 600 rubles; it takes at least 8 koibas to make medium-sized burki. Let alone sewing and decorating them with traditional ornaments. Therefore, the price of burki in a tourist store is from 20,000 rubles.
Burki are high boots made from reindeer fur, wool outside. They are made from koiba, reindeer leg skin. Leg skin is the strongest. However, it is very difficult to dress it.
Making one koiba costs 600 rubles; it takes at least 8 koibas to make medium-sized burki. Let alone sewing and decorating them with traditional ornaments. Therefore, the price of burki in a tourist store is from 20,000 rubles.
Making one koiba costs 600 rubles; it takes at least 8 koibas to make medium-sized burki. Let alone sewing and decorating them with traditional ornaments. Therefore, the price of burki in a tourist store is from 20,000 rubles.
Burki are high boots made from reindeer fur, wool outside. They are made from koiba, reindeer leg skin. Leg skin is the strongest. However, it is very difficult to dress it.
Making one koiba costs 600 rubles; it takes at least 8 koibas to make medium-sized burki. Let alone sewing and decorating them with traditional ornaments. Therefore, the price of burki in a tourist store is from 20,000 rubles.
Making one koiba costs 600 rubles; it takes at least 8 koibas to make medium-sized burki. Let alone sewing and decorating them with traditional ornaments. Therefore, the price of burki in a tourist store is from 20,000 rubles.
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What country has a land area almost equal to the area of the reindeer pastures operated by Lovozero village’s cooperative?
The area of Tundra cooperative's pastures is comparable to the area of Luxembourg, totaling 2,500 square kilometers. Unfortunately, the development of the Kolmozersky deposit cannot but affect them.
There are autumn and calving pastures. The autumn pastures are used to gather the reindeer after free summer grazing, and separate them from the herds owned by Olenevod, a neighboring cooperative, and count their total number. The seizure of the autumn pastures for road construction will change herd migration routes.
Calving pastures are the most valuable as this is where reindeer fawns are born. Such pastures are created in the areas protected from predators and rich in forage.
The calving pastures are located just 15 km away from the future mining site and the road noise will frighten the animals. Therefore, Polar Lithium, the company to be in charge of developing the deposit, has amended the road construction plan based on the results of the ethnic expert assessment. The road will be longer; however, it will bypass the pastures.
There are autumn and calving pastures. The autumn pastures are used to gather the reindeer after free summer grazing, and separate them from the herds owned by Olenevod, a neighboring cooperative, and count their total number. The seizure of the autumn pastures for road construction will change herd migration routes.
Calving pastures are the most valuable as this is where reindeer fawns are born. Such pastures are created in the areas protected from predators and rich in forage.
The calving pastures are located just 15 km away from the future mining site and the road noise will frighten the animals. Therefore, Polar Lithium, the company to be in charge of developing the deposit, has amended the road construction plan based on the results of the ethnic expert assessment. The road will be longer; however, it will bypass the pastures.
The area of Tundra cooperative's pastures is comparable to the area of Luxembourg, totaling 2,500 square kilometers. Unfortunately, the development of the Kolmozersky deposit cannot but affect them.
There are autumn and calving pastures. The autumn pastures are used to gather the reindeer after free summer grazing, and separate them from the herds owned by Olenevod, a neighboring cooperative, and count their total number. The seizure of the autumn pastures for road construction will change herd migration routes.
Calving pastures are the most valuable as this is where reindeer fawns are born. Such pastures are created in the areas protected from predators and rich in forage.
The calving pastures are located just 15 km away from the future mining site and the road noise will frighten the animals. Therefore, Polar Lithium, the company to be in charge of developing the deposit, has amended the road construction plan based on the results of the ethnic expert assessment. The road will be longer; however, it will bypass the pastures.
There are autumn and calving pastures. The autumn pastures are used to gather the reindeer after free summer grazing, and separate them from the herds owned by Olenevod, a neighboring cooperative, and count their total number. The seizure of the autumn pastures for road construction will change herd migration routes.
Calving pastures are the most valuable as this is where reindeer fawns are born. Such pastures are created in the areas protected from predators and rich in forage.
The calving pastures are located just 15 km away from the future mining site and the road noise will frighten the animals. Therefore, Polar Lithium, the company to be in charge of developing the deposit, has amended the road construction plan based on the results of the ethnic expert assessment. The road will be longer; however, it will bypass the pastures.
The area of Tundra cooperative's pastures is comparable to the area of Luxembourg, totaling 2,500 square kilometers. Unfortunately, the development of the Kolmozersky deposit cannot but affect them.
There are autumn and calving pastures. The autumn pastures are used to gather the reindeer after free summer grazing, and separate them from the herds owned by Olenevod, a neighboring cooperative, and count their total number. The seizure of the autumn pastures for road construction will change herd migration routes.
Calving pastures are the most valuable as this is where reindeer fawns are born. Such pastures are created in the areas protected from predators and rich in forage.
The calving pastures are located just 15 km away from the future mining site and the road noise will frighten the animals. Therefore, Polar Lithium, the company to be in charge of developing the deposit, has amended the road construction plan based on the results of the ethnic expert assessment. The road will be longer; however, it will bypass the pastures.
There are autumn and calving pastures. The autumn pastures are used to gather the reindeer after free summer grazing, and separate them from the herds owned by Olenevod, a neighboring cooperative, and count their total number. The seizure of the autumn pastures for road construction will change herd migration routes.
Calving pastures are the most valuable as this is where reindeer fawns are born. Such pastures are created in the areas protected from predators and rich in forage.
The calving pastures are located just 15 km away from the future mining site and the road noise will frighten the animals. Therefore, Polar Lithium, the company to be in charge of developing the deposit, has amended the road construction plan based on the results of the ethnic expert assessment. The road will be longer; however, it will bypass the pastures.
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A people disappears when its language dies. What language is about to disappear on the Kola Peninsula which Nornickel helps preserve?
The Sami, an indigenous people of the Murmansk region engaged in reindeer herding. Reindeer herding teams communicate with each other and give commands to animals in their native language. It is vital for the company to preserve Sami reindeer herding; so, the company makes efforts to preserve the language of this people.
The Sami, an indigenous people of the Murmansk region engaged in reindeer herding. Reindeer herding teams communicate with each other and give commands to animals in their native language. It is vital for the company to preserve Sami reindeer herding; so, the company makes efforts to preserve the language of this people.
The Sami, an indigenous people of the Murmansk region engaged in reindeer herding. Reindeer herding teams communicate with each other and give commands to animals in their native language. It is vital for the company to preserve Sami reindeer herding; so, the company makes efforts to preserve the language of this people.
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You have never thought about how the indigenous peoples of the Kola Peninsula live, however, you consider this interesting
It is difficult to live in the Arctic tundra, but people have adapted over the centuries. Industrial assets should impact the usual way of life as little as possible; therefore, responsible companies conduct ethnic expert assessments and rely on the FPIC procedure. They always help find a balanced solution that takes into account the interests of indigenous people and businesses.
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Have you heard about the problems faced by the indigenous peoples of the Far North?
The ethnic expert assessment conducted by scientists for Polar Lithium helped identify potential problems before starting mining operations. Today, the company's management team, together with local residents, is looking for solutions to address all issues using the FPIC procedure.
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Great job! Have you communicated with the indigenous people of the Kola Peninsula?
You understand why scientists set off on an expedition to conduct the ethnic expert assessment. The research is necessary to implement the FPIC procedure and find a balanced solution that takes into account the interests of indigenous people and businesses.
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Photos by Nornickel, Shutterstock/FOTODOM
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